FRAC0203 | Geospatial Distribution and Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria: Implications for Targeted HIV Interventions

Oluwaseun Oshagbami | UNODC, Abuja, Nigeria

Globally, People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with an estimated prevalence of 12.6%. In Nigeria, HIV prevalence among PWID stands at 10.9%, illustrating the importance of targeted interventions. Mapping the spatial distribution and operational dynamics of PWID hotspots is critical for designing effective HIV prevention and care strategies. Between January and June 2022, a comprehensive programmatic mapping approach was conducted across 389 local government areas (94% national coverage). The two-phase methodology included Level 1 hotspot identification through key informant interviews and Level 2 site validation for size estimation. Data on hotspot typologies, peak operational days, and state-level densities were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geospatial mapping tools. A total of 18,419 PWID hotspots were identified, representing 33% of all key population hotspots in Nigeria. The highest number of PWID was recorded in Zamfara State (15,772; 10.6%), followed by Kano (12,548; 8.4%), while Bayelsa reported the lowest (920; 0.6%). Hotspot typologies included public venues (60%), private homes (25%), and drug distribution centers (15%). Fridays emerged as the predominant peak day for hotspot activity, accounting for 70% of operations. The total estimated PWID population was 148,365 (95% CI: 94,770–201,960), with females comprising 12% (n=18,248). Geospatial mapping of PWID hotspots offers critical information for customizing HIV interventions. High-density states, such as Zamfara and Kano, require prioritized investments in harm reduction services. Furthermore, addressing the unique needs of female PWID and leveraging the overlap of public venue hotspots can enhance programmatic reach. Integrating these findings into national HIV response strategies will be pivotal in reducing HIV transmission among PWID in Nigeria.